https://culturemakers.cargo.site Culture 3.0 Mon, 11 Oct 2021 21:18:30 +0000 https://culturemakers.cargo.site en https://culturemakers.cargo.site/Culture-3-0 Fri, 23 Apr 2021 08:08:03 +0000 Culture 3.0 https://culturemakers.cargo.site/Culture-3-0 <img width="4000" height="607" width_o="4000" height_o="607" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/e4e49ce648154f54990fde6d7fa7cc913e18b398518323a9de0492216f0c6338/title-art_gn_main.png" data-mid="106357711" border="0" data-draggable src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/e4e49ce648154f54990fde6d7fa7cc913e18b398518323a9de0492216f0c6338/title-art_gn_main.png" /> https://culturemakers.cargo.site/Thesis-Question Fri, 23 Apr 2021 08:08:03 +0000 Culture 3.0 https://culturemakers.cargo.site/Thesis-Question what’s the question? Our educational focus on clarity and definition unknowingly creates an underlying culture of definition by exclusion. What if instead a culture of fluidity is encouraged, in which the faith of the people is not tied together by the sameness, but made strong by mutual tolerance and support? Why do we need new ways of seeing and being? https://culturemakers.cargo.site/Abstract Fri, 23 Apr 2021 08:08:03 +0000 Culture 3.0 https://culturemakers.cargo.site/Abstract The strength of this population is precisely that it can tolerate disagreements…— Brockman, 1991 The third culture referred to the people of diverse backgrounds who are outside of their passport country and relating their societies to each other; they formed an unique behavior patterns that necessarily were created, shared and learned1 in the process of constant reiteration. This interestingly created a sense of fluid and performative identity that was arbitrary in nature. What this also means is that these people innately understand a way of relating to other people not as a single categorical assumption, but fellow complex human whose history will never be completely known and that it was ok, and that spaces can be created where anyone may be as they are equally based on needs and not on expectations.A new generation of Culture 3.0 is at hand, and they have come across language and cultural ambiguity to thrive in mixed cultural settings precisely because they innately tolerate differences2. Our previous ways of seeing and being — a very one-sided and self-preserving angle — really isn’t working. All the recent disputes and violent tragedies indicate that we are deteriorating back into a fight or flight animal instinct instead of trying to understand each other. I believe that by imagining a new and mixed point of view we can truly have an equal dialogue across the board. We need to understand each other, to thrive and create together for a future that desperately need collective actions to solve planet’s greatest threats and even to create technological leap for our greatest desires as human beings. 1. Useems, Donoghue 1963,169. 2. Brockman, 1991. https://culturemakers.cargo.site/Research-Questions Fri, 23 Apr 2021 08:08:04 +0000 Culture 3.0 https://culturemakers.cargo.site/Research-Questions Research Questions Culture 3.0 people are known to be bridges of cultures; however, the metaphor lacks a recognition of the subject's autonomy in the "bridging." How may this recognition inform the design of a space for activation of exchange? Language is integral to the identity and cognition of all people, but especially to the people of third culture and now Culture 3.0. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis turns out to be an inconclusive linguistic myth, but how may it inform the understanding of Culture 3.0's performative identities? To build the narrative of a new pedagogy, new language and a new voice is necessarily needed: what will that voice sound like? Can it be in the voice of a speculative writer of design fiction? How can my role not just as a Culture 3.0, but also an Asian woman contribute to the diversity of that narration? https://culturemakers.cargo.site/Historical-Framework Fri, 23 Apr 2021 09:02:32 +0000 Culture 3.0 https://culturemakers.cargo.site/Historical-Framework “We call this complex of patterns the third culture, and define it broadly as the behavior patterns created, shared, and learned by men of different societies who are in the process of relating their societies, or sections thereof, to each other.”1 Distinct cultures in close geographical proximity have been known to interact and war, but they also exchange and even thrive in the cultural sparks that came out of the clashing of unique cultural differences. Curiosity is universal, trumping the fear of the unknown and potential dangers, for a simple desire: to seek out new realms and elements of this world that inspires. Then came the Age of Discovery of the early modern period, when invention of faster ship and refined navigation methods allowed surer means of sea travels, and so began a period of great expeditions all across the globe. Between 1405 and 1433, the Ming Travel Voyages, led by admiral Zheng He, set out 7 times along the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean, carrying as many as 25,000 crew and companions. They visited more than 30 nations and territories and reached as far as East Africa. Their mission was to learn the unknown, collect treasures and wonders, and to show the prowess of the great Ming dynasty. The great endeavor was able to be realized because of the cultural exchange with the Arabs and Indians, from whom the Ming learned ways of navigation and topography2. Such inference is evident by the “Stellar Charts” within the collection of the ‘Mau Kun Map’, which recorded Zheng He’s voyages.Cross oceanic explorations were happening all around the globe. It was during this period that the need for localized expats arose, following efforts of colonization. The British — whose empire by colonies comprised of nearly a quarter of the world’s land surface by the end of the 19th century — for example, had nearly 20,000 overseas colonial officers, including education officers, engineers, medical officers and other functionaries3. Stations of military or diplomatic personnel and missionaries of Christianity on a foreign land, where these people found themselves in a foreign land raising their children and/or forming new families with locals. Regardless of efforts to establish a colony with their native culture, a more profound and prolonged cross-cultural mix happened. For an array of needs of keeping peace, maintaining smooth commerce, and simply for a human need of connection, these people created an inter-mingled “culture” of their own, for the purpose of survival right on the boundaries of two cultures. They were the first look of the culture makers, the third culture.&nbsp; The third culture cannot be fully understood without reference to the societies it relates to and in which the participants learned how to act as humans4. These third cultures actively relate their own cultures with the locals while acclimating to the local culture, all the while keeping the agenda of maintaining exchanges and dialogues. They are men in the middle by way of the cultural patterns they create, learn and share, possessing a two-way traffic, giving insights to a notion of identity as event rather than categorical declaration that is both various and mutable. A most beautiful example is perhaps the American born writer Gertrude Stein, whose Paris salon was the mingling ground for critical cultural figures such as Hemingway and Picasso. Stein herself devoted much of her writing over the expressing of one’s identity and the autonomy of that expression. Her American heritage and self-chosen French influence played a large part in that exploration. In her autobiographical work, Paris France, Adam Gopnik prefaced: “It is a picture of Paris by an American who thinks as Americans think, and we see America in the picture when she thinks she is showing us France.”5 Then there were the kids of the third culture. “ATCKs (adult third culture kids) feel different but not isolated… are not isolated and alienated.”6 They grew up with no stated political or cultural agenda, yet they faced cross-cultural circumstances from the very beginning. They were not the dominant culture on the ‘foreign land’, and they often didn’t even know or remember much of what their supposed “native” conducts were like except through their third culture parents. When Ruth Hill Useem first conducted her studies on what she coined as the “Third Culture Kids (TCKs)” in India, it was the 60s. Then a wave of decolonization happened in the face of the rise of global call for democracy, and these TCKs returned “home” to find themselves facing yet another need to adjust.“they never adjust. They adapt, they find niches, they take risks, they fail and pick themselves up again.They succeed in jobs they have created to fit their particular talents, they locate friends with whom they can share some of their interests, but they resist being encapsulated. They are loners without being particularly lonely. Their camouflaged exteriors and understated ways of presenting themselves hide rich inner lives, remarkable talents, and, often, strongly held contradictory opinions on the world at large and the world at hand.”7 So many things shifted: language, landscape, sight, sounds, people, the look of people, language, acts, customs, expectations, language, language language. Yet as they seemed to be catching up, they also realized that they were “more.” What they have seen, done, whom they have met, spoken with, see, saw, heard, then. The first wave of third culture children had no choice but to quietly immerse themselves back into a foreign motherland, yet they did hold on to that which makes them unique.The understanding. “In an attempt to be even more specific about the shared lifestyle of the expatriate community, Norma McCaig (2002, p.11) coined the term ‘global nomads’ to emphasize the unique experiences of those ‘who are raised and educated internationally due to a parent’s career choice.”8 The world has since seen more than two decades of globalization; nations have risen and nations have fallen, boundaries redrawn and the idea of nationality blurred, challenged. Rise of the third culture who freely locate themselves not always because of a patriotic mission, but often for a self-initiated career choice. This raises a whole new generation of third culture kids, the nomads. What makes this generation unique is not only the sheer increase in volume, but also a shift in the political and cultural dynamic this world has come to accept. Never quite at the center of attention, the third culture continues to be a subject of study within a small circle of scholars across sociology and even performance studies. In her analysis, Dr. Heidi R. Bean compares the iterative style of writing of Stein to that of performative writing. Implicitly or explicitly, the body is finally revealed as a medium both of instantiation and incorporation in performative identity9, and perhaps no one gets a complete history of anyone. As Brockman put it in his 1991 statement: “the strength of this population is precisely that it can tolerate disagreements about which ideas are to be taken seriously; the achievements are not the marginal disputes; they will affect the lives of everybody on the planet.”10I call them the Culture 3.0. <img width="1598" height="1536" width_o="1598" height_o="1536" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/ea3987b32c3cbada56ad363a46e0e131e32e26b4f7b26a0b15a315cef50927bb/iiif-service_gmd_gmd7m_g7821m_g7821rm_gct00058_ca000020-full-pct_25-0-default.jpeg" data-mid="106273991" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/ea3987b32c3cbada56ad363a46e0e131e32e26b4f7b26a0b15a315cef50927bb/iiif-service_gmd_gmd7m_g7821m_g7821rm_gct00058_ca000020-full-pct_25-0-default.jpeg" />Pages* from Ming Dynasty book Wu Bei Zhi [武備志] (1628) (section of an ocean travel chart, believed to be based on Zheng He's expeditions.) <img width="1598" height="1533" width_o="1598" height_o="1533" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/221b68a2c2f5c8dfaa22ea3ed2740e72c1edea8af7929ce76e27e038f4ffa33e/iiif-service_gmd_gmd7m_g7821m_g7821rm_gct00058_ca000021-full-pct_25-0-default.jpeg" data-mid="106273978" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/221b68a2c2f5c8dfaa22ea3ed2740e72c1edea8af7929ce76e27e038f4ffa33e/iiif-service_gmd_gmd7m_g7821m_g7821rm_gct00058_ca000021-full-pct_25-0-default.jpeg" />Pages of ‘Stellar maps’*, also from Wu Bei Zhi [武備志] (1628)<img width="808" height="485" width_o="808" height_o="485" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/e4b10a6dc4b14059da7e8c348fdbee15023b83bd800ecae4b55e9573f36be5e2/devonshire1948.jpeg" data-mid="106277938" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/808/i/e4b10a6dc4b14059da7e8c348fdbee15023b83bd800ecae4b55e9573f36be5e2/devonshire1948.jpeg" />One of the Colonial Training Courses, Devonshire Course**, Oxford, 1948/9<img width="1332" height="966" width_o="1332" height_o="966" data-src="https://freight.cargo.site/t/original/i/a9fb32eb04f98f07a099ef6530a8aa5898da602ff946451c7eaa79595aad4a41/stage-shot_creating-martha-hersland.png" data-mid="106278980" border="0" src="https://freight.cargo.site/w/1000/i/a9fb32eb04f98f07a099ef6530a8aa5898da602ff946451c7eaa79595aad4a41/stage-shot_creating-martha-hersland.png" />Adaptation of Stein’s “The Making of Americans” by the&nbsp;Gertrude Stein Repertory Theatre*** 1. Useems, Donoghue 1963. 169. 2.〈鄭和航海圖〉解讀, Lai 2017.&nbsp;www.sciencehistory.url.tw/?p=204 3. “British Colonial Expertise, Post-Colonial Careering and the Early History of International Development“ 2010. 24. 4. Useems, Donoghue 1963. 170. 5. Useem, Cottrell 1996. 27. 6. Stein 2013.7. Useem, Cottrell 1996. 24.8. Tanu 2015. 17. 9. Bean 2007. 168. 10. Brockman 1991.* digital images from&nbsp;Library of Congress Asian Division Washington, D.C. ** www.britishempire.co.uk/article/colonialservicetrainingcourses.htm *** Bean 2007. 184. Photo:Reggie Morrow. (Left to right: Natalie Baldi, Melissa Arnesen-Trunzo, Kara Ewinger,Sierra Spies, and Natalie Norton.) https://culturemakers.cargo.site/Contribution-Statement Fri, 23 Apr 2021 09:18:03 +0000 Culture 3.0 https://culturemakers.cargo.site/Contribution-Statement Contribution If the global pandemic has taught us something other than the fragility of human lives, it is the potential we have as a species to rapidly and collectively change our way of being. Whether we like it or not, and despite any physical borders we may try to build, our world is becoming more intermingled than ever as technological inventions rapidly close the time and space gaps across the globe. We overlap, we pivot, we evolve after taking in what we absorb around us; humans are meant to be various and mutable, and so should our environments and identities be. This thesis intends to explore, develop and experiment with a new set of vocabulary and cognitive frameworks by studying the population of Culture 3.0, ultimately speculating for a new communications design pedagogy. If a more iterative and tolerant communications system may be imagined and instantiated — even just to momentarily jolt its audience into questioning their assumptions about identities — it may give us yet another opportunity to building a more collective and sustainable future human communities. https://culturemakers.cargo.site/Plan-of-Action Fri, 23 Apr 2021 09:27:51 +0000 Culture 3.0 https://culturemakers.cargo.site/Plan-of-Action Ethnographic ResearchContinue the linguist survey over language and identities, expand to include more open ended questions over experience.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;Design questionnaire for the collection of how Culture 3.0 establish the profile of newly acquainted people under different circumstances (ex. mono-lingual, multi-lingual, peers, elders, professional, local, and etc., to name a few.) Speculative Designs How does a “bridge of activation” look like? What does a space where everyone feel equally uncomforatable in look and feel like? Beyond conventional understanding of a space for conversation, what are some unexpected and unlikley ways to add stimulations into spaces of activation for equal communication? Can this stimulation be done through a form of design writing, perhaps accompanied by sound activiation?Environmental DesignsA version of Rauschenberg's ROCI project. If I ask people of multi-culture exposure and upbringing to reflect on a visual or a word that they would situate themselves in, what will those elements look like? Does time change the answers? How will one beside the subject be able to immerse in it and experience it?Transformation Designs What are some ways to trigger a change in perspective? How to bring to one’s attention not just the knolwedge that everyone is biased, but to truly shift them out of their comfort zone for a moment? Most importantly... for this not to be just a theory and talk, what are some tools (think Bruce Mau’s 24 Principles, or Slow Design Handbook. What are some other ways?) that can be made for people to use?&nbsp; Further Literature Reviews"The Philosophical Baby", Alison Gopnik, 1998 "移動的世界史: 從智人走出非洲到難民湧入歐洲, 看人類的遷徙如何改變世界!"&nbsp;([rough translation] "Mobile World History: from Homo Sapiens departing Africa to the refugee wave into Europe, see how human migration have changed the world!"), Tamaki Toshiaki, 2020]"The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable", Nassim Nicholas Taleb, 2010 (revised edition) "The Intersection of Culture and Achievement Motivation", Elise Trumbull and Carrie Rothstein-Fisch, The School Community Journal, 2011, Vol. 21, No. 2"Gertrude Stein and Richard Wright: The Poetics and Politics of Modernism", M. Lynn Weiss, 1998Curnutt, Kirk. “Inside and Outside: Gertrude Stein on Identity, Celebrity, and Authenticity.” Journal of Modern Literature, vol. 23, no. 2, 1999, pp. 291–308. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3831927. Accessed 23 Apr. 2021.Kate T. Anderson &amp; Steven J. Zuiker (2010) Performative Identity as a Resource for Classroom Participation: Scientific Shane vs. Jimmy Neutron, Journal of Language, Identity &amp; Education, 9:5, 291-309, DOI: 10.1080/15348458.2010.517708Semiotics the Basics, Daniel Chandler, 2007 (second edition)The Present Tense of Space, Robert Morris, The MIT Press. &nbsp; &nbsp; and more ... open to recommendations. https://culturemakers.cargo.site/Keywords Mon, 11 Oct 2021 21:18:30 +0000 Culture 3.0 https://culturemakers.cargo.site/Keywords [performative] Identity In a way, we are all performers; we perform the roles that is expected of us or suits us depending on the occasion. In my personal experience, more often than not I am never desired for the whole of me, and that fact sometimes play to my advantage, sometimes at my peril. Fluidity The idea of a fluid identity and the autonomy to negotiate one’s full or preferred self is central in my investigation of the third-culture’s — or simply, multi-culture people’s — way of communication. Autonomy The power to choose one’s identity regardless of social, political and place expectations. The power to negotiate that choice. Reification It is a word in concept that I think underlies my current process of developing a pedagogy and vocabulary around this idea of an evolved third-culture population, and giving them a place by turning their vague and unrecognized commonalities into a concrete set of communications discourse. Language I want to reinforce that beyond the conventional definitions of "language" defined by Oxford Languages — the principal method of human communication, consisting of words used in a structured and conventional way and conveyed by speech, writing, or gesture — here the nature of language and the significance of it also shifts.For the third culture, language is a tool they have come to learn as a way to communicate and achieve their goals. For the third culture kids, language is a means for survival and recognition of identity. For the Culture 3.0, I believe language is at least all that, but also a medium for their mutative identities; the role of language seeps into their cognition, their acts, and with the change of language so does their being change, and this process is much faster, much more seamless than most realize. *language and cognition will be an important point of investigation for the coming year. https://culturemakers.cargo.site/Glossary Fri, 23 Apr 2021 09:40:29 +0000 Culture 3.0 https://culturemakers.cargo.site/Glossary Performative Identity Based on Dr. Heidi R. Bean's reference to Gertrude Stein's particular way of identity construction by iteration in her writing, performative identity, in the scope of my discourse, refers to the selective, intentional, iterative and interactive nature of the mutable identity of the third culture, third culture kids, and subsequently the Culture 3.0. Fluid Identity The idea of a fluid identity and the autonomy to negotiate one’s full or preferred self is central in my investigation of the third-culture’s — or simply, multi-culture people’s — way of communication. In a way, we are all performers; we perform the roles that is expected of us or suits us depending on the occasion. In my personal experience, more often than not I am never desired for the whole of me, and that fact sometimes play to my advantage, sometimes at my peril. Language I want to reinforce that beyond the conventional definitions of "language" defined by Oxford Languages — the principal method of human communication, consisting of words used in a structured and conventional way and conveyed by speech, writing, or gesture — here the nature of language and the significance of it also shifts.For the third culture, language is a tool they have come to learn as a way to communicate and achieve their goals. For the third culture kids, language is a means for survival and recognition of identity. For the Culture 3.0, I believe language is at least all that, but also a medium for their mutative identities; the role of language seeps into their cognition, their acts, and with the change of language so does their being change, and this process is much faster, much more seamless than most realize. Autonomy Merriam-Webster Essential —&gt; the state of existing or acting separately from others / the power or right of a country, group, etc., to govern itself. Full —&gt; the quality or state of being self-governing / self-directing freedom and especially moral independence / Culture 3.0 Context The power to choose one’s identity regardless of social, political and place expectations. The power to negotiate that choice. Negotiation Oxford Languages discussion aimed at reaching an agreement / the action or process of transferring ownership of a document Merriam-Webster /negotiate/ v. [intransitive verb] —&gt; to confer with another so as to arrive at the settlement of some matter v. [transitive verb] —&gt; to deal with matter or affair that requires ability for its successful handling / to arrange for a bring about through conference, discussion, and compromise / to transfer to another by delivery or endorsement / to successfully travel along or over. Reification Merriam-Webster The process of reifying — to consider or represent something abstract as a material or concrete thing. Culture 3.0 Context It is a word in concept that I think underlies my current process of developing a pedagogy and vocabulary around this idea of an evolved third-culture population, and giving them a place by turning their vague and unrecognized commonalities into a concrete set of communications discourse. Third Culture Mostly referring to the expats who left their countries of birth to take up roles of cultural exchange in a foreign country. Examples include, but not limited to, the British Colony Officers, missionaries, educators, technical aids, and military outposts officers.I consider them the original culture makers, who matured in their country of birth and made the decision to take on a cultural exchange role. Third Culture Kids/ATCKs The original definition by Useem and Ann Baker Cotterell in the late 50s was "the children who accompany their parents into another societies." Those who live for any period of time outside of their passport countries because of their parents' career. ATCKs (adult third culture kids) then refers to these third culture kids when they have grown up.I consider them the second generation culture makers. They know their country of origin, although may or may not have been born and raised in it, and have the clear trajectory to eventually relocate back to their parent's societies. Bridge Merriam-Webster n. —&gt; a structure carrying a pathway over a depression or obstacle / a time, place or means of connection or transition / music : a passage linking two sections of a composition / chemistry : a connection that joins two different parts of a molecule. v. [transitive verb] —&gt; to make a bridge over or across / to provide with a bridge Culture 3.0 Context Bridge —&gt; the great mediator, the service / the connection Bridge —&gt; the understanding link, the communicator / Bridge —&gt; the controller of passage, the chooser Bridge —&gt; the autonomous multi-tasker / the negotiator Culture 3.0 These are the generation of people who call multiple cultures home and have adopted a mutable sense of self identity that take all of their identified home cultures into consideration. The main distinction of the Culture 3.0 is their autonomy and identities. They may have a third culture kid beginning but have later chosen to remain in a position over the cross-cultural boundaries. Their various sense of identity also means that they do not look at things from a single cultural point of view: to them, the reality and assumptions is that there can never be a fixed and finite assumption.In an attempt to differentiate them from the original understanding of the third culture and third culture kids, I call them Culture 3.0. *also important to note is, while these may consist of infinite combinations of cultures, for the scope and purpose of my MFA exploration I will mainly focus on the Chinese - western Culture 3.0 population. Perhaps even just on the Taiwan - Western Culture 3.0. https://culturemakers.cargo.site/Bibliography Fri, 23 Apr 2021 08:08:05 +0000 Culture 3.0 https://culturemakers.cargo.site/Bibliography Citation 1. Bean, HeidiR. "Repeating Gertrude Stein: Language, Performativity, and Hypermediated Theater." Text &amp; Performance Quarterly 27.3 (2007): 168-93. International Bibliography of Theatre &amp; Dance with Full Text. Web. 8 Apr. 2021. 2.&nbsp;Brockman, John. "THE THIRD CULTURE (9.9.91)." Edge.org. 9 Sept. 1991. Web. 19 Feb. 2021.www.edge.org/conversation/john_brockman-the-third-culture 3. “Don't Ask Where I'm From, Ask Where I'm a Local.” Perf. Taiye Selasi. TED. 2014. Web. 26 Feb. 2021. www.ted.com/talks/taiye_selasi_don_t_ask_where_i_m_from_ask_where_i_m_a_local?utm_campaign=tedspread&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_source=tedcomshare 4. John, Useem, Useem Ruth Hill, and Donoghue John D. "Men in the Middle of the Third Culture: The Roles of American and Non-Western People in Cross-Cultural Administration." Human Organization 22.3 (1963): 169-79. JSTOR Journals. Web. 9 Apr. 2021. 5. Knutz, Eva, and Thomas Markussen. "The Role of Fiction in Experiments within Design, Art &amp; Architecture - Towards a New Typology of Design Fiction." Artifact: Journal of Design Practice 3.2 (2014): 801-13. Supplemental Index. Web. 24 Mar. 2021. &nbsp;6. Stein, Gertrude. Paris, France. Liveright, 1970. Liveright Paperbound Edition. Pratt Institute Catalog. Web. 24 Apr. 2021. 7. Sterling, Bruce. Shaping Things. MIT, 2005. Pratt Institute Catalog. Web. 25 Sep. 2020. 8. Tanu, Danau. "Migration, Diversity, and Education: Beyond Third Culture Kids." Migration, Diversity, and Education: Beyond Third Culture Kids. By Saija Benjamin and Fred Dervin. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. 13-34. Print. www.researchgate.net/profile/Danau-Tanu/publication/303427494_Toward_an_Interdisciplinary_Analysis_of_the_Diversity_of_Third_Culture_Kids/links/5ec0ccd6458515626cacdf88/Toward-an-Interdisciplinary-Analysis-of-the-Diversity-of-Third-Culture-Kids.pdf9. Useem, Ruth Hill, and Ann Baker Cottrell. "Adult Third Culture Kids." Strangers at Home: Essays on the Effects of Living Overseas and Coming "home" to a Strange Land. By Carolyn D. Smith. Bayside: Aletheia Publ., 1996. 22-35. Print. www.researchgate.net/publication/319289838_Adult_Third_Culture_Kids Secondary References Words as Objects writing.upenn.edu/epc/authors/welch/from_stein.html Buwert, Peter. "Modes of Criticism 2: Critique of Method." Modes of Criticism 2: Critique of Method. By Anne Bush and Peter Buwert. Erscheinungsort Nicht Ermittelbar: Verlag Nicht Ermittelbar, 2016. 25-38. Print.modesofcriticism.org/defamiliarisation-and-criticality/ ‘Slow Practices – slow design lab’ slowlab.net/RESOURCES/Resources-TOOLS-Slow-practices “Grounded theory in journalism and communication studies in the Chinese mainland (2004–2017): Status quo and problems”journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2059436418821043 ‘Bridge by the Canal’ by Studio Mumbaiwww.youtube.com/watch?v=O8PKwAu74fM‘Composition as Explanation’ by Gertrude Stein, delivered 1926www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/69481/composition-as-explanationGardner, Marilyn R. "Living Between Worlds." MARILYN R. GARDNER. 28 June 2018. Web. 2 Apr. 2021. communicatingacrossboundariesblog.com/2017/09/06/living-between-worlds/